The following map represents the regions of the relief of the State of São Paulo. Watch:
relief of São Paulo - Map
Sanderlei Silveira ® - 2023-09-20T16:06-03:00 - US L
The following map represents the regions of the relief of the State of São Paulo. Watch:
relief of São Paulo - Map
With the nominations of the caption you must have concluded that the state of São Paulo has large sets of relief, such as plateaus, plains, saws and depressions, most of them occupied by plateaus.
Now, let's take an imaginary trip around the state, leaving the coast (east) until you reach the west, to know the type of relief and its striking characteristics. Follow on the map.
The coastal or coastal plain, represented on the map by a wider lands in the south that narrows on the north coast, disappearing in some places, has low altitudes. It is in this area that the colonization of Brazil began by the Portuguese. There is the 1st village founded in Brazil, São Vicente. It is also where the Port of Santos and the Cubatão Petrochemical Polo is located.
The vegetation is creepy in the restinge areas, submerged in mangroves, floodplains and forests in the Atlantic Forest. It has many beaches such as: Bertioga, São Sebastião, Caraguatatuba, Ubatuba (in the north direction); and Guarujá, Praia Grande, Mongaguá and Peruíbe (in southern direction).
Leaving the coast and going towards the west of the state, we have the Atlantic Plateau, where is the most populous area of the state, and where the metropolitan region of São Paulo is located. At the edges of the Atlantic plateau appear the mountains of the sea and the mainstream, mountain range with vegetation of the Atlantic Forest biome. Among these two mountains runs the Paraíba do Sul River and are located the cities of São José dos Campos, Taubaté, among others.
The Serra do Mar receives several names according to the location where it goes, such as: Serra do Paranapiacaba and Serra da Cantareira.
Serra do Paranapiacaba.
Serra da Cantareira.
It is in Serra da Mantiqueira that are the highest points in the state.
Marins peak belongs to the Serra da Mantiqueira and is located in Piquete (SP).
The stone of the mine, with 2 798 m altitude, is the culmination of the Serra da Mantiqueira.
Continuing our west trip, we come across peripheral depression. Depressions are parts of the relief with altitudes lower than the areas around them, some being called absolute depression when they are below sea level.
The relief of peripheral depression is largely a plan with altitudes between 400 and 550 m. Shortly thereafter appears a relief form called Cuesta.
The rocks that form the cuestas are of basaltic origin and have different resistance to the erosion process, so one side is more worn (eroded) than another, giving a back -shaped, hence the origin of the name.
In the region, the cuestas are known as Serra de Botucatu, Serra de São Pedro, Serra de São Carlos and Serra do Tabuleiro.
A striking feature of this type of relief is that it has very fertile soils called purple land, excellent for coffee cultivation, especially in the municipalities of Campinas, Sorocaba, Itu, Botucatu, among others. Currently, besides coffee are cultivated cotton, cane and orange crops.
Following our trip west, we come across the Western Plateau. This type of relief occupies most of the west of the state. The terrain is slightly wavy and becomes lower and lower toward the west until we find the Paraná River, which makes the natural border between the state of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul. Some saws are also seen in the Plateau, as that of acute and that of Batatais. We arrived at the end of our trip!
cuesta Botucatu
Glossary:
Planaltos: Terrens higher than plains with slightly wavy surfaces, with altitudes above 300 m at altitudes in relation to sea level.
Plain: more flat and lower altitude region, from 0 m to 200 m, with small elevations.
SERRA: This is the name given to the set of mountains.